Allostatic load and cognitive recall among young adults: Racial, ethnic, and sex-specific variations

Citation

Evans, Elizabeth; Jacobs, Molly; & Ellis, Charles (2024). Allostatic load and cognitive recall among young adults: Racial, ethnic, and sex-specific variations. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. pp. 1-9

Abstract

Introduction: While factors such as age and education have been associated with persistent differences in functional cognitive decline, they do not fully explain observed variations particularly those between different racial/ethnic and sex groups. The aim of this study was to explore the association between allostatic load (AL) and cognition in a racially diverse cohort of young adults.Methods:Utilizing Wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health – a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of adults aged 34–44, this study utilized primary data from 10 immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers to derive an AL Index. Cognition was previously recorded through word and number recall scores. Regression analysis evaluated the association between cognitive recall, AL, age, sex, and race/ethnicity.Results:Regression results indicated statistically higher AL scores among Blacks (IRR = 1.09, CI = 1.01, 1.19) compared to Whites and lower AL score among females compared to males (IRR = 0.76, CI = 0.72, 0.81). At zero AL, Blacks (IRR = 1.2399, CI = 1.2398, 1.24) and Other races (IRR = 1.4523, CI = 1.452, 1.4525) had higher recall while Hispanics (IRR = 0.808, CI = 0.8079, 0.8081) had lower recall compared to Whites. Relative to males, females had higher number recall (IRR = 1.1976, CI = 1.1976, 1.1977). However, at higher, positive levels of AL, Blacks (IRR = 0.9554, CI = 0.9553, 0.9554), Other races (IRR = 0.9479, CI = 0.9479, 0.9479) and females (IRR = 0.9655, CI = 0.9655, 0.9655) had significantly lower number recall than Whites and males respectively.Conclusions:Race and sex differences were observed in recall at different levels of AL. Findings demonstrate the need for further exploration of cognition in young adults across diverse populations that includes examination of AL.

URL

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617724000298

Keyword(s)

Recall

Reference Type

Journal Article

Journal Title

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society

Author(s)

Evans, Elizabeth
Jacobs, Molly
Ellis, Charles

Year Published

2024

Pages

1-9

ISSN/ISBN

1355-6177

DOI

10.1017/S1355617724000298

Reference ID

10508