Suicidal ideation and substance use among adolescents and young adults: A bidirectional relation?

Citation

Zhang, Xiaoyun & Wu, Li-Tzy (2014). Suicidal ideation and substance use among adolescents and young adults: A bidirectional relation?. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. vol. 142 pp. 63-73 , PMCID: PMC4129651

Abstract

Objective To examine reciprocal associations between substance use (cigarette smoking, use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illegal drugs) and suicidal ideation among adolescents and young adults (aged 11–21 at wave 1; aged 24–32 at wave 4).
Methods Four waves public-use Add Health data were used in the analysis (N = 3342). Respondents were surveyed in 1995, 1996, 2001–2002, and 2008–2009. Current regular smoking, past-year alcohol use, past-year marijuana use, and ever use of other illegal drugs as well as past-year suicidal ideation were measured at the four waves (1995, 1996, 2001–2002, and 2008–2009). Fixed effects models with lagged dependent variables were modeled to test unidirectional associations between substance use and suicidal ideation, and nonrecursive models with feedback loops combining correlated fixed factors were conducted to examine reciprocal relations between each substance use and suicidal ideation, respectively.
Results After adjusting for the latent time-invariant effects and lagged effects of dependent variables, the unidirectional associations from substance use to suicidal ideation were consistently significant, and vice versa. Nonrecursive model results showed that use of cigarette or alcohol increased risk of suicidal ideation, while suicidal ideation was not associated with cigarette or alcohol use. Reversely, drug use (marijuana and other drugs) did not increase risk of suicidal ideation, but suicidal ideation increased risk of illicit drug use. Conclusion The results suggest that relations between substance use and suicidal ideation are unidirectional, with cigarette or alcohol use increasing risk of suicidal ideation and suicidal ideation increasing risk of illicit drug use.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.drugalcdep.2014.05.025

Keyword(s)

Suicidal ideation

Reference Type

Journal Article

Journal Title

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Author(s)

Zhang, Xiaoyun
Wu, Li-Tzy

Year Published

2014

Volume Number

142

Pages

63-73

DOI

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.025

PMCID

PMC4129651

NIHMSID

NIHMS609602

Reference ID

4998