Does a parsimonious measure of complex body mass index trajectories exist?

Citation

Sokol, Rebeccah L.; Gottfredson, Nisha C.; Poti, Jennifer M.; Halpern, Carolyn T.; Shanahan, Meghan E.; Fisher, Edwin B.; & Ennett, Susan T. (2019). Does a parsimonious measure of complex body mass index trajectories exist?. International Journal of Obesity. vol. 43 (5) pp. 1113-1119

Abstract

Background A single measure that distills complex body mass index (BMI) trajectories into one value could facilitate otherwise complicated analyses. This study creates and assesses the validity of such a measure: average excess BMI. Methods We use data from Waves I–IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 17,669). We calculate average excess BMI by integrating to find the area above a healthy BMI trajectory and below each subject-specific trajectory and divide this value by total study time. To assess validity and utility, we (1) evaluate relationships between average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood and adult chronic conditions, (2) compare associations and fit to models using subject-specific BMI trajectory parameter estimates as predictors, and (3) compare associations to models using BMI trajectory parameter estimates as outcomes. Results Average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood is associated with increased odds of hypertension (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.67), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.47), and diabetes (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.67). The odds associated with average excess BMI are higher than the odds associated with the BMI intercept, linear, or quadratic slope. Correlations between observed and predicted health outcomes are slightly lower for some models using average excess BMI as the focal predictor compared to those using BMI intercept, linear, and quadratic slope. When using trajectory parameters as outcomes, some co-variates associate with the intercept, linear, and quadratic slope in contradicting directions. Conclusions This study supports the utility of average excess BMI as an outcome. The higher an individual's average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood, the greater their odds of chronic conditions. Future studies investigating longitudinal BMI as an outcome should consider using average excess BMI, whereas studies that conceptualize longitudinal BMI as the predictor should continue using traditional latent growth methods.

URL

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0194-y

Reference Type

Journal Article

Journal Title

International Journal of Obesity

Author(s)

Sokol, Rebeccah L.
Gottfredson, Nisha C.
Poti, Jennifer M.
Halpern, Carolyn T.
Shanahan, Meghan E.
Fisher, Edwin B.
Ennett, Susan T.

Year Published

2019

Volume Number

43

Issue Number

5

Pages

1113-1119

Edition

September 11, 2018

ISSN/ISBN

1476-5497

DOI

10.1038/s41366-018-0194-y

Reference ID

6523